Studs are available in a variety of materials. In the fastener industry, the studs are ordered by the spec name, which implies a common material.
Technical Threads stocks a variety of studs & fully threaded rod, including low carbon, alloy carbon and stainless steel. We also supply non-standard and custom cut-to-length studs every day!
Standard Materials (there are many, many more specs & materials that are used for studs, but this list will serve as a good survey.
One note on measuring studs: two common industry measurements exist for stud measuring. End-to-end is the most common; it measures the overall length of the stud. First-to-first is the measurement used by ASTM, and is generally 1/4″ shorter than ETE, because it does not include the beveled ends. The industry generally follows ETE measurements, but it is recommended to spell out which measurement is requirement.
A307 (low carbon steel)- A307 material is most commonly supplied in 10′ and 12′ lengths. However, the spec is growing in popularity in low-strength and commercial construction. Most A307 studs are supplied cut-to-order.
B7 (alloy carbon steel)- the most common type of stud, A193 B7 (SA193 in ASME) is the standard for non-corrosive applications. B7 has the widest variety of common lengths available off the shelf.
B7M (alloy carbon steel)- similar to B7, B7M studs are made from carbon steel. However, they undergo heat treating. They are most commonly used in NACE service. Nuts for these systems are A194 2HM.
B16 (alloy carbon steel)- this is the “big brother” to B7 studs. It has a higher temperature range, making it commonly seen in refining, petro-chem and power applications. Commonly seen nuts are Grade 4 and Grade 7.
B8 (304 stainless steel, UNS S30400, UNS S30403 for 304L)- B8 is the most common type of stainless threaded stud. The nuts are B8 heavy hex nuts. When thread galling is a concern, B8 studs are often provided with B8F (303, S30300) or B8M (316, see below) heavy stainless nuts. The slight difference in chemical makeup of the stainless nut has a positive effect on reducing galling. Additionally, ASTM A193 B8 class 2 stainless bolts & studs (AISI 304) are a strain hardened version often speced out in corrosive environments.
B8M (316 stainless steel, UNS S31600, UNS S31603 for 316L)- B8M is a step-up in corrosion resistance from B8, due to the molydendum. It’s the second most common stainless produced behind 304. The petrochem industry makes wide use of B8M in heavy piping systems due to it’s increased resistance to chlorides over B8 systems. Additionally, ASTM A193 B8M class 2 stainless bolts & studs (AISI 316) are a strain hardened version often speced out in corrosive environments.
L7 is carbon steel used in low-temperature piping applications, such as A333. The relevant spec is A320, which also covers the stainless fasteners for low-temperature. Heavy Hex nuts in Grade 4 or 7 are typically supplied with L7 fasteners.
Below is a list of common stud materials that Technical Threads can supply, including and expanding on the above paragraphs:
ASTM A193 B7 Alloy steel, AISI 4140/4142, quenched and tempered
ASTM A193 B8 Class 1 Stainless steel, AISI 304, carbide solution treated.
ASTM A193 B8M Class 1 Stainless steel, AISI 316, carbide solution treated.
ASTM A193 B8 Class 2 Stainless steel, AISI 304, carbide solution treated, strain hardened
ASTM A193 B8M Class 2 Stainless steel, AISI 316, carbide solution treated, strain hardened
ASTM A193 B5 studs
ASTM A193 B6 studs
ASTM A193 Grade B8A studs
ASTM A193 Grade B8C studs
A286 studs
Aluminum 2024-T4 studs
Aluminum 6061-T6 studs
Aluminum Bronze CDA 614 studs
Aluminum Bronze CDA 630 studs
Aluminum Bronze CDA 632 studs
Aluminum Bronze CDA 642 studs
Hastelloy C276 studs
Hastelloy X studs
Inconel 600 studs
Inconel 625 studs
17- 4 PH studs
Titanium studs
6AL-4V ELI Titanium studs
ASTM B348 Grade 2 Titanium studs
ASTM B348 Grade 5 Titanium studs
254 SMO Stainless studs
Inconel 718 studs
Monel 400 studs
Monel K-500 studs
Copper CDA 110 studs
Cupro-Nickel 70-30 studs
Cupro-Nickel 90-10 studs
Naval Brass studs
Silicon Bronze CDA 655 studs
Silicon Bronze studs
410 Stainless studs
Duplex 2205 studs
Super Duplex 2507 studs
Nitronic 50 studs
Nitronic 60 studs
AL-6XN Alloy studs